2026-03-31
Igor Lemberski, Marina Uhanova, Artjoms Suponenkovs, Aleksandrs Berezhnojs
An asynchronous combinational hardware design flow for commercial XILINX devices is discussed . It consists of logical and technological stages. At the logical stage, the multi-level logic is optimized using resubstitution procedures. Also, a relaxation procedure is proposed to increase the speed at the reset phase. The conditions of the distributed indication are formulated and the procedure is proposed. The technological stage is based on Webpack place and route software. To ensure stability inside a circuit, timing constraints (less strong than proposed in the literature) are formulated and can be easily satisfied. The simulation shows that resulting circuits are hazard-free ones. A set of benchmarks is processed. Compared to the conventional dual-rail design, the logical optimization reduces the total number of look-up-tables (LUTs) and number of LUTs in a critical path. At the technological stage, the experiments show that before the relaxation, the propagation delay in the set phase is smaller (due to early output) than in the reset phase. It is confirmed that the relaxation increases the speed in the reset phase. Also, the (dynamic) power is higher for the benchmarks optimized for speed.
2026-03-31
Stefan Ilić, Marko Spasenović, Ivan Pešić, Milena Rašljić Rafajilović, Marija V. Pergal
The BT-CEAB2 Pulse Assessment Simulator was evaluated using a novel flexible MXene/polyurethane resistive sensor positioned at the radial site during 1 h sessions in three operating modes: Palpation, Auscultation, and Palpation-to-Auscultation. For each mode, approximately 1 min recordings acquired at 0, 30, and 60 min were analyzed in Python using baseline-drift removal and morphology-oriented filtering, with the HeartPy toolkit used for systolic peak detection and heart-rate estimation. Across all modes, the signals exhibited clear pulsatile patterns without dropouts or abrupt discontinuities. Inter-beat intervals stayed tightly clustered with only sparse isolated deviations, indicating highly stable pulse timing during sustained simulator operation. In contrast, systolic peak amplitudes showed larger relative variability, plausibly influenced by changes in sensor fixation, contact pressure, and the coupling between the simulator and the sensor over time. Representative pulse waveforms retained a repeatable morphology with identifiable systolic and diastolic features, enabling consistent systolic-to-diastolic timing metrics to verify the simulator output
2026-03-31
Shilpa N. Dehedkar, Saurav Raj
Electrical Power transmission system is a complex and interconnected network composed of generators, transformers, and transmission lines. The failure of any single component can initiate outages that compromise the reliability and stability of the entire grid. This research introduces a novel, scenario-based approach for enhancing contingency response through the strategic integration of renewable energy sources (RES), particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, into the conventional transmission system. In the proposed methodology, the screening of buses for PV placement is carried out using the Voltage Stability Index (VSI), which is implemented in MATLAB to identify critical busbars prone to instability and to determine the optimal PV deployment locations. Unlike traditional methods, this study evaluates the impact of RES placement not only from a technical perspective but also incorporates economic considerations by correlating system performance with installation cost. After identifying the optimal PV locations through MATLAB-based analysis, ETAP software (version 19.1) is utilized to determine the appropriate PV sizing and to conduct performance evaluation of the system. The N-1 contingency analysis of the IEEE-57 test system has been performed using ETAP, across four structured scenarios involving different combinations of PV integration at the identified weak buses. Key performance indicators—including static voltage stability, real and reactive power variation, line loading, and energy losses—are assessed under N-1 contingency conditions. A Combined Performance Index (CPI), comprising voltage security, real power deviation, reactive power deviation, and branch overloading indices, is proposed as a comprehensive metric for ranking system reliability. Successive integration of PV at strategic locations, the CPI demonstrated substantial reductions: 39.34% at Bus 45, 87.17% at Bus 46, 23.86% at Bus 49, and 25.72% at Bus 51, highlighting the effectiveness of PV placement in enhancing system performance. The findings demonstrate that optimized multi-point RES integration can significantly reduce contingency severity, enhance resilience, and support cost-effective planning. This work contributes a practical and scalable methodology for utility planners by bridging the gap between contingency analysis and renewable integration strategy, offering both technical and economic insights to inform data-driven decision-making in modern transmission networks.
2026-03-31
Abhilash Shrivastava, Pankaj Kumar Choubey, Guru Prasad Mishra
This study presents an intelligent system designed to regulate ambient temperature and humidity in a typical Indian household room using real-time sensor data and embedded control logic. The system employs an Arduino Nano for data acquisition, communicating with PYNQ-Z2 board over UART interface. Based on predefined environmental thresholds, PYNQ-Z2 board dynamically controls fan speed at three discrete levels through Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) and activates water pump as needed to maintain humidity within target limits. To assess system responsiveness, experiments were conducted at three distinct times of day, capturing natural fluctuations in environmental conditions. The platform supports edge processing using Python on PYNQ-Z2 and allows for remote interaction via Jupyter Notebook and SSH. A transient energy analysis shows that adaptive system reduces cumulative energy consumption by over 25% compared to no-control setup. This work contributes to developing standalone, adaptive climate control systems for use in smart infrastructure and resource-constrained environments.