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Despite the ongoing urgency of the problem of child-parent relations and their impact on the development of a child's personality, there is a notable lack of valid and reliable Russian-language instrument for assessing parenting styles. The objective of this study is to develop a Russian-language adaptation of the P-PASS questionnaire, which measures perceived autonomy support and parental control (Mageau et al., 2015), and is based on the self-determination theory. Participants included university students (N = 728, Mage = 20.03, SD = 2.03, 82% female) and high school students (N = 251, Mage = 16.38, SD = 0.66, 53% female). Test-retest reliability was assessed with 92 additional university students. A correlation design was used with a survey of participants using the Russian version of the P-PASS questionnaire and questionnaires assessing subjective well-being, satisfaction of basic psychological needs and academic motivation. The Russian version of P-PASS demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's values exceeded .79) and confirmed the expected factor structure. The validity of the scales is evidenced by the associations of autonomy-supportive and controlling parental styles with the indicators of well-being, satisfaction of basic psychological needs in the family, intrinsic motivation and various types of extrinsic motivation. University students and high school students who rate their parents as autonomy-supportive are more satisfied with their family relationships and their lives, they are happier and have a higher intrinsic academic motivation with a lower external motivation and amotivation. The developed Russian version of P-PASS questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure for assessing autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting. It can be used both by researchers and practitioners to measure perceived parenting styles.
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The study was conducted to identify the links between maladaptive personality subordination in virtual environment, and individual and personality traits in young people. It involved 646 people aged 14 to 40. The psychodiagnostic toolkit consisted of a questionnaire "The level and types of maladaptive subordination of personality in virtual environment" by T.V. Belykh, E.B. Knyazev, A.A. Sharov, V.V. Belykh; a questionnaire of youth confidence in the virtual environment by T.V. Belykh, E.B. Knyazev, A.A. Sharov, V.V. Belykh; a test to determine the degree of suggestibility by E. Merzlyakova; questionnaire “Study of the psychological structure of temperament” by B.N. Smirnov; a measure of the level of impulsivity by V.A. Losenkov; questionnaire “Index of virtualization of personality of an Internet user of social services” by E.O. Rasina; Questionnaire for the diagnosis of irrational attitudes by A. Ellis; questionnaire “Diagnosis of subjectivity” by E.N. Volkova. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the R programming language (ver. 4.3.3) in the RStudio IDE (2025.05.0 + 496). Multivariate unidimensional and multidimensional PERMANOVA analyses were performed. Point-biserial correlation, Spearman rank correlation, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were used for independent samples (with Holm-Bonferroni correction for p-values), and nonparametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was performed. Maladaptive subordination in a virtual environment has specific connections with both individual characteristics (gender, age, and temperament) and personality traits that reflect the qualitative features of subjectivity, irrational attitudes, the degree of involvement in virtual interactions, and trust in information, its source, and the process of virtual communication. The obtained data reveal the presence of linear and probabilistic, non-linear connections in the structure of individual and personal properties in young people who are prone to displaying maladaptive submissiveness in situations of virtual interpersonal interaction, as well as the nature of these connections depending on gender and the type of maladaptive submissiveness formed.
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The article addresses a key theoretical gap between the rich empirical field of financial behavior research, focused on establishing correlations, and personality theories capable of uncovering their underlying psychological mechanisms. Its objective is to develop and theoretically substantiate a model explaining the determination of financial behavior through the concept of personality adaptations within transactional analysis. The methodological foundation is a synthesis of the model of six personality adaptations (Ware, Kahler) with their script origins (Stewart, Joines), which allows moving beyond trait description to the analysis of dynamic patterns. This synthesis is integrated with the classical three-component model of attitude (cognitive, affective, behavioral components). The method of theoretical reconstruction enabled the deduction of the financial manifestations of the adaptations. The main results are as follows: 1) an explanatory pattern is developed: “personality adaptation → basic belief / key need → configuration of financial attitude (symbolic meaning of money, racket feelings, behavioral strategies) → financial behavior”; 2) a detailed typology is presented. For each of the six adaptations (“Creative Dreamer”, “Brilliant Skeptic”, “Charming Manipulator”, “Playful Rebel”, “Responsible Workaholic”, “Overreacting Enthusiast”), the specific symbolic meaning of money, the dominant affective background, and stable patterns in the areas of saving, spending, investment, planning, and attitude towards debt are described. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematic application of transactional analysis framework to build an explanatory model in economic psychology, offering a script-based, rather than correlational, understanding of financial choices. Thus, the model sets a new perspective for research, shifting the question from "what is related?" to "why is it related?". The work opens prospects for the empirical verification of the model and its practical application in differentiated psychological and financial counseling.
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Ambiguity intolerance is a relatively new psychological phenomenon, which manifests its relevance in the conditions of instability of the modern world. Intolerance to ambiguity that is often not distinguished with the intolerance to uncertainty, refers to an individual's predisposition to react aversely to ambiguous situations. This tendency manifests across three domains: cognitively, through dichotomous (black-and-white) thinking; affectively, through experiences of anxiety and discomfort; and behaviorally, through the avoidance of ambiguous scenarios. This study aims to fill the existing gap in methodological development of this phenomenon in the Russian context. The aim was to identify psychometric characteristics and adapt the Short Ambiguity Intolerance Scale (SAIS-7) on a Russian sample. The study involved 2,709 respondents aged between 18 and 87 years (M = 34.27, SD = 14.73) with different sociodemographic characteristics. Confirmatory factor analysis found the final (ex post) model of the scale, having a single-factor structure in which the indices of consent best meet the original data after adding links between errors of variables: CMIN = 100.909; df = 12; p = .000; GFI = .974; CFI = .990; RMSEA = .052; Pclose = .325. The results of the study allow us to establish acceptable indicators of the internal reliability and convergence. The identified patterns support that the Short Ambiguity Intolerance Scale (SAIS-7) is a reliable and robust tool, extending the scope for empirical studies on the intolerance to ambiguity, including cross-cultural design.
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Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a tendency to respond to uncertain situations with a set of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive reactions. Studies have shown that IU may play a key role in the emergence and maintenance of a wide range of emotional disorders, especially anxiety disorders. The short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12) is widely used around the world; however, it has not yet been validated for Russian-speaking samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the IUS-12. The sample consisted of 951 participants aged 18 to 63 years (M = 22.9; SD = 7.6), 698 females and 253 males. The results demonstrated that the IUS-12 has high test-retest reliability (N = 50) and strong internal consistency (N = 951). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations with measures of intolerance of ambiguity and interpersonal intolerance of ambiguity from the NTA questionnaire, as well as with the anxiety, depression, and stress scales of the DASS-21. A negative correlation was found with the tolerance of ambiguity scale (NTA). A bifactor model with one general factor and two specific factors (inhibitory and prospective components of intolerance of uncertainty) showed the best fit to the data. Thus, we conclude that the IUS-12 is a reliable tool for assessing intolerance of uncertainty in Russian-speaking samples.