2026-10-19
Bárbara Vieira Lima Aguiar Melão, Denis Leonardo Jardim, Roger Li, Katrina Collins, Neeraj Agarwal, Petros Grivas, Alberto Briganti, Andrea Necchi, Liang Cheng, Philippe E. Spiess
In this Review, the authors address the clinicopathological features, available treatments and oncological outcomes associated with major rare prostate cancer histological subtypes, and highlight the need for improved approaches to enhance their clinical management.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01194-z2026-10-15
Siamak Daneshmand, Stephen A. Boorjian, Joshua J. Meeks, Yair Lotan, Wassim Kassouf, Girish S. Kulkarni, Paolo Gontero, Peter Albers, Jørn S. Jakobsen, Kristian Juul
For patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, bladder-preserving therapies are emerging as alternatives to radical cystectomy. This Review examines the biological rationale and clinical evidence for combination approaches involving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy and radiotherapy, highlighting how synergistic strategies could overcome resistance and improve durable responses.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01193-02026-10-14
Ariana Costas, Bill Söderström, Molly A. Ingersoll
In this Perspective, different bacterial strategies that enable survival during antibiotic treatment are described, including antibiotic resistance, tolerance and persistence, in the context of urinary tract infection.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01191-22026-10-14
Filippo Spreafico, William Zardo
Whether patients with a solitary functioning kidney after kidney tumour treatment can safely participate in all sports remains debated, with inconsistent recommendations across guidelines. This Clinical Outlook provides personal and evidence-based considerations for safe return-to-play and proposes a practical classification of sports according to the specific risk of kidney injury.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01203-12026-10-13
Pablo E. Puente, Luis G. Medina, Giovanni E. Cacciamani, Philippe E. Spiess, Rene Sotelo
Despite the established benefit of inguinal lymph node staging, rates of guideline-recommended inguinal lymph node dissection remain suboptimal, potentially owing to its morbidity. Thus, the adoption of frameworks, such as complications and adverse events in lymphadenectomy of the inguinal area classification, is crucial to promote best practices in the management of penile cancer.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01192-12026-10-12
Thomas Thompson, Mohamed Mubarak, T. Hugh Jones, Ian Pearce, Vaibhav Modgil
This Review provides a concise clinical overview of testosterone deficiency and analysis of available therapeutic options to assist clinicians in determining the likelihood of testosterone deficiency and identifying those who could benefit from a trial of testosterone therapy.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01190-32026-10-09
Rui M. Bernardino, João Lobo, Zeyad Schwen, Theodorus van der Kwast, Adam B. Weiner, Robert E. Reiter, Jane K. Nguyen, Estevão Lima, Robert Stein, Nicolas Soputro, Rashed Ghandour, Alp Tuna Beksac, Karim Daher, Ricardo Leão, Mark L. Gonzalgo, Roderick van den Bergh, Juan Garisto, Giancarlo Marra, Jennifer Le Guévelou Kammerer, Sara M. Falzarano, Cristina Magi-Galuzzi, Cosimo De Nunzio, Susan Prendeville, Neil Fleshner, Jihad Kaouk, Riccardo Autorino
This Review discusses the biological and clinical significance of intraductal carcinoma and invasive cribriform carcinoma in prostate cancer. The authors summarize current evidence linking these morphologies to adverse outcomes, challenges in detection and reporting, and molecular characteristics. Implications of these variants for risk stratification, treatment selection and emerging biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01189-w2026-10-06
Daniele Raggi, Emanuele Crupi, Lars Dyrskjøt
Circulating tumour DNA has become clinically actionable in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, with prospective trials demonstrating utility beyond prognosis. But assay heterogeneity, context-dependent interpretation and limited methodological harmonization threaten reproducibility. Implementation should combine common analytical requirements with context-specific, guideline-driven clinical validation.
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01197-w2026-07-20
Jacob Egelberg
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01177-0 Escaping the matrix: disrupted integrin signalling enables neuroendocrine differentiation]]>
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01177-02026-07-01
Behnam Nabavizadeh
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 01 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01169-0 Several studies have demonstrated that a posterior approach to nerve sparing by preserving more anterolateral periprostatic tissue can improve erectile function by more than twofold. Review of the evidence regarding periprostatic nerve distribution suggests a potential underappreciation of the distribution and functional relevance of nerve fibres along the anterior prostate.]]>
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01169-02026-06-26
Sara C. Pereira
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01173-4 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, which has long been associated with systemic disease, also has under-recognized roles in male fertility. This Review outlines its contributions to spermatogenesis, sperm function and ion homeostasis, and links reduced expression to impaired sperm quality, highlighting emerging therapeutic strategies that might improve reproductive outcomes in individuals with CFTR deficiency.]]>
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01173-42026-06-22
Priya Dave
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 22 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01168-1 In this Review, the authors explore the risk factors for urolithiasis in patients with cancer, the associations between urolithiasis and urinary tract cancers, the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in patients with urinary tract cancer and special considerations for management of urolithiasis after urinary tract diversion for cancer.]]>
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01168-12026-06-17
David J. Ralph
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 17 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01171-6 A combination of a PDE5 inhibitor with tamoxifen has been shown to prevent fibrosis in in vitro and in vivo models of acute Peyronie’s disease. The latest clinical findings suggest that such a combination is efficacious in halting or reversing the progression of the disease.]]>
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01171-62026-06-12
John Osborne
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 12 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01164-5 Becoming a patient advocate can be life changing, especially in the complex world of rare diseases. As patients, those of us who can must use our knowledge and experience to influence how services are designed and delivered to achieve the best health and well-being outcomes.]]>
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-026-01164-52026-03-20
Sudharshanan Balaji, Herbert Lepor, Thomas J. Polascik
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 20 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01136-9 Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer offers organ-sparing oncological control with functional preservation for carefully selected men, but the uptake of this approach remains limited. Prioritizing principle-based evaluation, long-term registries and aligned reimbursement will facilitate the adoption of focal therapy into guideline-endorsed standard of care.
2026-03-19
Conghui Li, Zhiqiang Hu, Weimin Zhang, Yongling Ji, Fubing Wang, Yuchen Zeng, Sanju Sinha, Fengbiao Mao, Chunhua Lin, Wei Lv
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 19 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01134-x In this Review, the authors synthesize current knowledge of extrachromosomal DNA in urothelial carcinoma. By consolidating rapidly evolving evidence, this Review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding extrachromosomal DNA biology in urothelial carcinoma and its implications for precision oncology.
2026-03-06
Nikhil Mayor, Hashim U. Ahmed
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 06 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01133-y The UK’s National Screening Committee recently recommended against population-level prostate cancer screening. Calls to override this guidance are intensifying, but acting without robust evidence might risk exposing thousands of men to unnecessary harm. Data-driven policy changes are crucial.
2026-03-04
Emilie Elmelund, Monica K. Draskau, Melanie K. Stewart, Deidre M. Mattiske, Andrew J. Pask, Terje Svingen
Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 04 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01132-z This Perspective presents historical and emerging evidence supporting a role of oestrogen signalling in male sexual differentiation, challenging the traditional androgen-centric view of reproductive development. Understanding the interplay between these two hormones is important to understanding development and also chemical risk, considering the susceptibility of these systems to disruption from exogenous substances.