2025-11-29
Ewa Jurczyk-Romanowska
This article discusses sexting as a form of cyberbullying and its selected correlations in three groups: secondary school students, university students, and adults aged 18–45. Research conducted between 2020 and 2025 revealed that the phenomenon of sexting has changed over time, that there are differences between the sexes, and that protective and risk factors vary depending on the age of the respondents. Analyses of gender differences showed that girls experience sexting significantly more often. There were different patterns of relationships between age and sexting: among secondary school students, the frequency increased with age, while among university students and adults it decreased. The results concerning personality traits showed that among secondary school students, sexting was associated with openness to experience, and among adults with lower conscientiousness. The key predictor was the educational functionality of the family of origin: lower functionality was associated with more frequent sexting among school pupils and adults. The results confirm the relationship between sexting and age, which implies the need to adapt preventive measures to the stage of life and the specific psychosocial functioning of the groups studied.
2025-11-29
Mirosław Piwowarczyk
The Women’s Civic Work Union, as one of the most influential pro-government women's organizations in interwar Poland, conducted a wide-ranging educational and instructional campaign, primarily in the field of civic and social education. Its goal was to create a "new type of Polish female citizen." In its work, the Association employed both traditional and modern means, forms, and methods of educational influence. Among the effective forms of educational activity were various types of summer camps: military-recreational, vacation, education-recreational, hiking, and those organized in permanent facilities such as hostels and boarding houses. These camps were intended to serve as a unique socio-educational space with significant pedagogical value, effectively shaping the social, civic, and national attitudes deemed desirable by the Association. As part of the camp activities, a healthy and hygienic lifestyle was also promoted, providing women with opportunities for rest and recovery of both physical and mental health. Camps were organized in several attractive locations throughout Poland. Dozens of different types of camp centers were operated, involving a total of several thousand women.
2025-11-29
Aleksander Baron
Since 1992, the East European Summer School has been annually held by the East European Studies Institute of the University of Warsaw (Studium Europy Wschodniej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, SEW UW). This programme therefore emerged immediately after democratic transformations in Central Europe and still represents an important international platform for young scholars, mainly postgraduate students and postdoctoral fellows. Subsequently, for more than three decades, young scholars up to 35 years of age from the post-Soviet bloc republics, but also from Western Europe and the USA, can meet in the East European Summer School at the beginning of the summer. In the two or three weeks spent in the Polish capital and its surroundings, they can attend lectures and seminars given by leading Polish and foreign researchers on the history, culture, politics or literature of Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the Baltic States. The past-time experts were personalities such as Bronisław Geremek (1932–2008), Csaba Gy. Kiss (1945–2025), John Micgiel (*1953), Bohdan Osadchuk (1920–2011) or Richard Pipes (1923–2018), whereas Czech science was represented by Jaroslav Valenta (1930–2004).