2025-12-15
Nur Umairah Atiqah Sabri et al.
Objective: Mouthwash is widely used to maintain oral health by reducing the prevalence of pathogenic microbiomes. Nonetheless, chlorhexidine, a common active ingredient, is associated with side effects including teeth staining, mucosal peeling, mouth and tongue numbness. This has prompted interest in natural alternatives. This study aimed to identify the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of 1’ S -1’-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) isolated from Alpinia conchigera rhizome against human primary gingival fibroblast and keratinocyte (HPGF and HPGK). Methods: Cytotoxicity of ACA (1.57 mg/mL) against HPGF and HPGK was assessed using the MTT assay. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory property of ACA was analyzed based on the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) synthesized by HPGF and HPGK in response to injury stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: Treatment with ACA was non-cytotoxic to HPGF and HPGK, with cell viability maintained above 80% after 24 hours. In addition, ACA showed anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the concentration of IL-6 and LDH produced by HPGF and HPGK in response to LPS, reflecting the ACA possibly protecting the cells from inflammation. Conclusion: ACA isolated from A. conchigera rhizome demonstrated non-cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties in oral epithelial cells, suggesting its potential to be incorporated in the mouthwash.
2025-12-15
Muhammad Afif Sapie et al.
Objective: Selecting and arranging acrylic resin teeth for dentures is essential to achieve a natural appearance; however, limited understanding and older adults’ aesthetic expectations may result in inconsistencies and increased patient visits. This study aimed to explore the methods and factors dental students prefer when selecting artificial teeth for dentures for older adults. Method: A validated questionnaire, including consent, demographics, and six domains of the methods with related factors for selecting acrylic teeth, was distributed to dental students of the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The participants responded using a five-point Likert scale and closed-ended questions. Result: 161 dental students participated in the study (115 females, 71.4% and 46 males, 28.6%), divided into no-experience (n = 80, 49.7%) and experienced (n = 81, 50.3%) in treating older denture patients. Both groups preferred the visual shade selection method, with no-experience students' mean score is 3.88 ± 1.03 and experienced students' score is 4.11 ± 0.77 ( p > 0.05). The digital shade selection method was the least preferred by no-experience students (2.98 ± 1.28) and experienced students (2.51 ± 1.33) ( p Conclusions: Dental students preferred the visual shade selection method for choosing acrylic teeth in denture fabrication for older adults and were influenced by experience, light source, and natural tooth characteristics.
2025-12-15
PL Ranganayakidevi S Palaniappan et al.
Objectives: The gonial angle could be one of the contributing factors for the continuous bone resorption in edentulous persons. This study aimed to examine the association between the gonial angle and RRR in edentulous patients receiving mandibular implant-supported overdenture (ISOD) and to compare different gonial angle measuring techniques. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with opposing mandibular ISOD and maxillary full dentures were recruited. The proportional area index was used to calculate the posterior RRR. Orthopantomographs (OPGs) pre- and four years post-implant insertion were compared. Comparison of the gonial angle measurements was made on 5 patients using four measurement methods: (i) Two different vertical line tracing points on OPG (exterior border points and mid-condylar points), (ii) Measurement on a 3D model using a goniometer, (iii) Lateral cephalometric view of CBCT using Mimics software. Results: The posterior RRR showed no correlation with the gonial angle (r p > 0.05). Between the two OPG measurement techniques, there was no discernible difference ( p = 0.185), and there is a strong association between both OPG measuring techniques and CBCT readings (R 2 = 0.927, 0.829). The manual measurement on the CBCT showed a modest correlation with models produced by 3D printing (R 2 = 0.098). Conclusion: The mandibular gonial angle did not correlate with posterior mandibular RRR.
2025-08-30
Indrayadi Gunardi et al.
Objectives: The growing popularity of vaping has introduced additional challenges, as potential health risks are still under investigation. Exploring differences in smoking perceptions between smokers and non-smokers could provide valuable insights into smoking behavior and inform effective intervention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the perceptions of smoking, specifically vaping and conventional cigarette use, among young adult smokers and non-smokers. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional design was employed, with 542 university students included through random sampling, using a questionnaire consisting of 8 items. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Rasch model analysis. Results: Of the subjects, 259 (48%) used vapes and 283 (52%) were non-smokers. The age distribution was as follows: under 19 years (13.51% vs 38.87%), 19-20 years (46.33% vs 32.16%), and over 21 years (40.15% vs 28.98%). The Wright map indicated perceptual differences between smokers and non-smokers, with smokers showing greater agreement with smoking perceptions (>1 logit). Significant differences ( p Conclusion: The study identified distinct perceptual differences regarding smoking between smokers and non-smokers, with smokers having a more favorable perception towards smoking. Non-smokers generally showed a stronger aversion to conventional cigarettes compared to electronic ones. These findings underscore the importance of developing targeted smoking cessation programs that address the specific perceptions and attitudes of both groups.
2025-08-30
Esra Genc et al.
Objective: This study aimed to compare pharyngeal airway and dentoskeletal effects of 2 and 4 premolar extraction treatments in adult patients separately for each gender. Methods: The study was conducted with 60 adults (26 males; 34 females) aged 18-35 years. Individuals were divided into 3 groups as non-extraction, 2-premolar extraction, and 4-premolar extraction. Pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) dentoskeletal and pharyngeal airway measurements were performed on cephalometric radiographs. Results: A significant increase in nasopharyngeal airway (PNS-ad2) and anterior hyoid bone movement (CV3ai-H) was observed in the 4-extraction group; whereas in the 2-extraction group, inferior oropharyngeal airway (IAS) narrowing and hyoid bone movement in posterosuperior direction were observed. In the non-extraction group, inferior oropharyngeal airway narrowing and hyoid bone movement in the anteroinferior direction were observed. A significant increase in nasopharyngeal airway, narrowing of oropharyngeal airway, and superior hyoid bone movement were observed in the 2-extraction group in males. In the non-extraction and 4-extraction groups, the hyoid bone moved in inferior and anterior directions, respectively. While the hyoid bone moved posteriorly in the 2-extraction group in females, there was an increase in nasopharyngeal airway and narrowing of the middle oropharyngeal airway (MAS) in the 4-extraction group. Conclusion: While the nasopharyngeal airway was widened in individuals with 4-extractions, the inferior oropharyngeal airway was narrowed in both the 2-extraction and non-extraction groups. Hyoid bone movement was observed in anterior, posterosuperior, and anteroinferior directions in 4-extraction, 2-extraction, and non-extraction patients, respectively, and these changes vary according to gender.
2025-08-30
Nur Hafizah Nor Wira et al.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the oral health practices, status, and treatment requirements of adolescents with special healthcare needs attending special education schools in Selangor, Malaysia. The adolescents’ parents perceived challenges to oral healthcare were also established. Methods: The current study employed a cross-sectional approach involving 131 adolescents with varying special needs. The participants were between 13 and 18 years old and fulfilled the pre-determined inclusion criteria. The participants’ parents supplied information on sociodemographic, oral health practices, and possible obstacles to dental care through an online survey form. The oral examination on decay, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), and treatment requirements were performed in the school with teachers in attendance. The chi-square test was then conducted during statistical analyses. Results: Most adolescents examined in this study demonstrated good oral hygiene, recording 0.79 ± 1.49 and 0.73 ± 0.4 mean DMFT and OHI-S scores, respectively. A majority of the participants also reported brushing their teeth more than once daily, while approximately 93.9% employed fluoridated toothpaste. A majority of the participants required oral prophylaxis and restorative treatment. Nevertheless, the most significant barriers perceived by the parents or caregivers were time constraints to bring their child to dental clinics and the child's dental anxiety. The present study found no association between barriers to dental care and dental treatment requirements. Conclusion: The results indicated no correlation between barriers to dental care and dental treatment requirements. The findings might be due to this study being conducted in an urban area in Malaysia. Consequently, a multi-centre study with a bigger sample size is recommended.