2025-12-27
Amirah Nouira, Mohamed Ali Brahim Omri
This study attempts to detect the impact of governance mechanisms on the credit rating of MENA region companies. This research uses the Logit model. It is most widely used in failure early warning models. Using a sample of 23 firms in the MENA region rated by the rating agency "Fitch Ratings" during the period 2010-2020, this study found that increasing board size and ownership concentration have positive effects on firm credit rating, while increasing duality, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership have a negative effect. These results offer valuable insights for companies looking to enhance their governance systems and make informed investments in favorable conditions. The findings have significant implications for investors, since incorporating governance mechanisms into the rating process can assist companies in enhancing ratings. Indeed, rating agencies assess corporate governance by focusing on four key elements: ownership structure and influence, rights and relationships with financial stakeholders, financial transparency, and the structure and process of the board of directors. They strongly believe that rating agencies evaluate corporate governance based on four primary factors: ownership structure and influence, rights and relationships with financial stakeholders, transparency and financial structure, as well as the board's procedures. It is their belief that inadequate corporate governance can compromise a company's ability to meet its debt obligations and increase potential losses for its creditors. As capital markets are an important source of financing for emerging markets, the importance of credit rating agencies in providing standardized credit risk assessments for emerging market investments has continued to grow.
2025-12-27
Donald Stephen, Shahren Ahmad Zaidi Adruce, Victoria Jonathan
Malaysia ordered a series of lockdowns (known as Movement Control Order) on 18 March 2020 to break the chain of COVID-19 infection within the community. The lockdown imposed brought drastic changes in working practices and thus forced workers to work from home. This paper investigates the changes in job satisfaction before and during the MCO. Utility services were chosen because they are essential services outlined by the Malaysian National Security Council during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was a state-wide study (in Sarawak, Malaysia), gathering 10,320 employee data over two years (2019-2020). Based on the one-sample t -test, the level of job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased. Future research should investigate possible factors that could explain job satisfaction during the pandemic. Organizations and policymakers should take note of these findings and be vigilant of inconveniences of remote working to preserve a good level of job satisfaction.
2025-12-27
Hawa Ahmad
2025-12-27
Mohammad Saeid Kiani, Leila Nazari
Today, organizations can properly play their role by focusing on economic responsibility and organizational wealth creation, in line with their social and environmental responsibilities. Adopting such an approach, known as the green approach, will enable the organization to achieve its economic goals. The term green human resource management (GHRM) was introduced in 1990 and has been accepted worldwide since 2000 as a concept that manages the environment within an organization by adopting green human resource policies and practices. The present study aimed at designing a GHRM model in Iranian sports organizations. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method. The population of the study consists of experts and managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran, 70 of whom were selected using purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with validity confirmed using the content validity method. The research findings in the form of a model consist of two parts: First, through an exploratory study and expert opinion, 14 main factors of GHRM success were identified. Second, using an interpretive-structural modeling approach, relationships and sequences between variables were extracted at eight levels and finally categorized based on the degree of influence and dependence. Considering the results and also the importance and necessity of GHRM, it is suggested that organizations, especially sports organizations, pay special attention to GHRM and by using its policies and strategies, be able to achieve goals and align their activities well with environmental goals. The results showed that the support of the environment around the organization and the support of managers and shareholders act as the foundation stone of the model and have the greatest impact on other variables and cause intensification of other variables to manage organizational green human resources. This model can help managers efficiently and effectively use natural resources by applying green HRM methods and strategies.