2020-08-09
Cano, David Vargas, Schlam, Federico Félix Hahn, de la O, José Luis Rodríguez, Priego, Alejandro Facundo Barrientos
Cano, David Vargas ; Schlam, Federico Félix Hahn ; De La O, José Luis Rodríguez ; Priego, Alejandro Facundo Barrientos ; Abstract ‘Ataulfo’ mango is highly produced in Mexico, being harvested when it reaches its physiological maturity. This process takes at least another month for the fruit to reach consumption maturity. Warehouses and markets present important losses as the ready-to-eat status is unknown. Maturity status is determined by measuring slow and destructive physicochemical variables. An optical device based on the AS7262 spectral sensor was connected to the ESP32 microcontroller and measurements were correlated with soluble solids content (SSC), dry matter (DM) and firmness of mangoes obtained from the local market. Data analysis was carried out by partial least squares (PLS) regression, classification, regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) models. With PLS, SST and firmness were predicted with R2 of 0.61 and 0.76, respectively. The root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.91 for SSC and 0.67 for firmness. With the CART model, classification accuracy was 90% for SSC and 87% for firmness of intact mango fruits.
2020-08-09
Prado, Angélica Daiane Lemos do, Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de, Souza, Jaqueline Lima da Conceição, Silva, Luciana Maria da, Araújo, Érica Fernandes Leão, Benett, Katiane Santiago Silva
Prado, Angélica Daiane Lemos Do ; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza De ; Souza, Jaqueline Lima Da Conceição ; Silva, Luciana Maria Da ; Araújo, Érica Fernandes Leão ; Benett, Katiane Santiago Silva ; Abstract: Eugenia klotzschiana, commonly known as pêra-do-cerrado, belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is an unconventional food plant that is exploited in an extractive manner. The purpose of this study was to investigate the germination behavior of E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds and their sensitivity to desiccation. The seeds were manually pulped from the fruits and stored in plastic containers. The initial water content was subsequently determined using the oven method at 105°C for 24 hours, yielding a value of 46.6%. Sub-samples were then separated to obtain the desired water contents of 40%, 32%, 22%, and 15% for treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5. The data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant by the F test (p<0.05), the means were compared using the T test. Graphs with 95% confidence intervals were generated to illustrate the comparisons. The seedling development data was arranged in a box plot. The R software was used for these analyses. The data analysis revealed that E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds do not have the potential to germinate with a water content lower than 22.50% moisture. Furthermore, the water content with the highest percentage, 46.6%, resulted in 100% germination.
2020-08-09
Souza, André Luiz Kulkamp de, Bender, Angelica, Costella, Maria Rosa dos Santos
Souza, André Luiz Kulkamp De ; Bender, Angelica ; Costella, Maria Rosa Dos Santos ; Abstract: Pruning of grape varieties for processing typically occurs in winter. However, due to challenges in availability and labor costs, there is interest in shifting this practice to autumn—a period with lower demand for vineyard activities. This study aimed to assess the direct influence of autumn pruning on the phenological and productive performance of Niágara Rosada, Isabel Precoce, and Bordô varieties in the Vale do Rio do Peixe region, SC. Experiments were conducted during the 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 harvests in fully productive commercial vineyards located in Videira-SC. Pruning occurred in May (autumn) and August (winter). Autumn pruning took place when approximately 5% of the leaves had fallen, and the rest had turned yellow. Winter pruning occurred during the bud swelling stage. Weekly phenological monitoring, as well as measurement of the plants’ productive characteristics and the physical-chemical composition of the grapes, were conducted. Autumn pruning enhanced the productivity, average bunch weight, and uniformity of maturation for Niagara Rosada but accelerated the bud break for this variety in Vale do Rio do Peixe, SC, Brazil. In Bordô, autumn pruning did not affect productivity, but it advanced bud break. Conducting autumn pruning for four consecutive years decreased the productivity of Isabel Precoce.
2020-08-09
Matos Filho, Carlos Humberto Aires, Carvalho Júnior, José Eduardo Vasconcelos de, Lima, Maria Auxiliadora Coelho de, Lopes, Ângela Celis de Almeida, Gomes, Regina Lucia Ferreira, Lima Neto, Francisco Pinheiro
Matos Filho, Carlos Humberto Aires ; Carvalho Júnior, José Eduardo Vasconcelos De ; Lima, Maria Auxiliadora Coelho De ; Lopes, Ângela Celis De Almeida ; Gomes, Regina Lucia Ferreira ; Lima Neto, Francisco Pinheiro ; Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and select superior mango genotypes using the mixed-models approach. The 16 genotypes, varieties and hybrid selections, were evaluated regarding physical and physical-chemical traits of the fruit using the REML/BLUP methodology. Mango fruit weight and pulp weight can be selected indirectly based on fruit length and diameter, which are more easily evaluated. The hybrids CPAC 26394, Lita, and Rosa 46 stand out in regard to fruit size. The genotypes R12P09, CPAC 2293, Roxa, Omega, Alfa, and Lita have better quality fruit than the Tommy Atkins variety that is widely used in commercial orchards. The Roxa variety has pulp with little or no fiber, a trait that is of great importance to consumers and for industrial processing. The genotypes Alfa, CPAC 5895, Ômega, R10P08, R12P09, R13P10, Rosa 2, Rosa 36, and Rosa 46 have pulp free of internal breakdown. The varieties and hybrid selections of mango show variability regarding fruit traits, and the REML/BLUP methodology is efficient for selection of genotypes with desirable fruit traits in mango.
2020-08-09
Felinto Filho, Ezildo Francisco, Oliveira, Carlos Roberto Silva de, Silva, Alessandro Gomes da, Montarroyos, Angélica Virgínia Valois, Martins, Luiza Suely Semen, Leão, Patrícia Coelho de Souza
Felinto Filho, Ezildo Francisco ; Oliveira, Carlos Roberto Silva De ; Silva, Alessandro Gomes Da ; Montarroyos, Angélica Virgínia Valois ; Martins, Luiza Suely Semen ; Leão, Patrícia Coelho De Souza ; Abstract: The new ‘BRS Melodia’ table grape cultivar has attracted the attention of consumers due to the pleasant taste of a mix of red fruits and pink color. This study aimed to determine the ideal gibberellic acid concentration associated or not with plant biostimulants, aiming to improve the physical and physicochemical characteristics of ‘BRS Melodia’ grapes in the Submédio São Francisco Valley. Two experiments were conducted in a commercial vineyard located in the municipality of Petrolina, PE, Brazil. In the first experiment, treatments were represented by eight gibberellic acid concentrations (GA3) (12.5; 13; 17.5; 18; 22.5; 23; 27.5 and 28 mg.L-1), while in the second experiment, three GA3 concentrations (13, 18 and 30 mg.L-1) were used, associated or not with biostimulants. In both experiments, control did not receive GA3 and biostimulants. The evaluations of the physical and physicochemical variables of bunches and berries were carried out during two consecutive production cycles, 2021 and 2022. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates. Treatments used in experiment 1 did not provide significant gains in the characteristics of bunches and berries. In the second experiment, biostimulant A (Benzyladenine 2%) associated with 30 mg.L-1 of GA3, divided into three applications (8 mg.L-1 + 10 mg.L-1 + 12 mg.L) prom-1oted increments in variables berry mass and length. These growth regulators should be used to promote the growth of ‘BRS Melodia’ berries in the Submédio São Francisco Valley.
2020-08-09
Grohs, Daniel Santos, Santos, Henrique Pessoa dos, Souza, Paulo Vitor Dutra de, Benati, Mikael Marcio
Grohs, Daniel Santos ; Santos, Henrique Pessoa Dos ; Souza, Paulo Vitor Dutra De ; Benati, Mikael Marcio ; Abstract The use of growth regulators (GRs) in a mechanized bench grafting system is essential for the final quality of grafted grapevine plants. In Brazil, the GRs used (commercial waxes) are imported, increasing the production cost for nurseries. This work aimed to test the in vitro callus co-cultivation technique as a strategy for prospecting effective doses and mixtures of GRs for in vivo graft union on grapevines. Two genotypes were used as scions (‘Bordo’ and ‘Riesling Italico’) and two as rootstocks (‘SO4’ and ‘P1103’). Callus from different scion/rootstock combinations were co-cultivated, varying the doses (0.25 to 20 mg l-1) of auxins (DBA, IAA and IBA) and cytokinin (BAP), following the Doehlert design. The best in vitro treatments were validated in vivo, in plants grafted with an ‘omega’ cutter machine. Multivariate and non-parametric methods were applied to integrate the results. In vitro prospecting combined with the in vivo validation strategy allowed us to select effectively the IAA(2.50 mg l-1) plus BAP(1.00 mg l-1) formulation with the potential to induce graft callus union similar to commercial waxes. The induction intensity varied among the genetic combinations but was similar in the in vitro and in vivo conditions.
2020-08-09
Guerra-Arévalo, Héctor, Abanto-Rodríguez, Carlos, Arévalo-Gardini, Enrique, Vásquez-Vela, Ana Lucia M., Castillo-Torres, Dennis del, Guerra-Arévalo, Wilson Francisco
Guerra-Arévalo, Héctor ; Abanto-Rodríguez, Carlos ; Arévalo-Gardini, Enrique ; Vásquez-Vela, Ana Lucia M. ; Castillo-Torres, Dennis Del ; Guerra-Arévalo, Wilson Francisco ; Abstract: The aim of this work was to determine the effect of Azadirachta indica and Tagetes erecta leaf extract, as well as Jatropha curcas resin extract on the control of Carmenta foraseminis larvae in Theobroma cacao fruits. The study was conducted using a complete random block design (CRBD) with 6 treatments (T1:0%, T2:10%, T3:20%, T4:30%, T5:40% and T6:50%), 3 replicates and 10 fruits per experimental unit. The variables evaluated were: number of hatched larvae-NHL and number of attacked fruits. Extracts from , Azadirachta indica,Tagetes erecta leaves and Jatropha curcas resin at concentrations greater than 40% were efficient in the control of Carmenta foraseminis in Theobroma cacao fruits in the fruiting phase. Further studies should be carry out to determine the concentration of secondary metabolites in Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erecta leaves and Jatropha curcas resin at different maturation stages for a more efficient use in the control of the insect pest.
2020-08-09
Gregolin, Fernanda Schmitt, Vieira, Henrique Duarte, Santa-Catarina, Renato, Viana, Alexandre Pio
Gregolin, Fernanda Schmitt ; Vieira, Henrique Duarte ; Santa-Catarina, Renato ; Viana, Alexandre Pio ; Abstract: Papaya seeds have natural barriers (phenolic compounds, seed structure and genetic factors) that make their germination difficult. And the use of seeds is the main means of propagating the species, whether for commercial cultivation, maintenance of germplasm or selection of genetic materials. Thus, the use of seeds with physiological quality (germination, normal seedlings and germination speed) is fundamental to the production of vigorous plants. However, few studies have been developed with the aim of evaluating and improving seed quality. From this perspective, the study aims to evaluate the quality of seeds in genetic materials widely used to obtain new genotypes, in order to identify superior materials and possible crosses between those that have high physiological seed quality. For this purpose, 44 genotypes were analyzed by molecular characterization, via microsatellite markers (observed and expected heterozygosity, number of alleles, information index, fixation index, inbreeding coefficient, genetic structure and genetic dissimilarity via UPGMA grouping), as well as determining physiological quality of the seed (germination speed index, percentage of germination and abnormal seedlings). Among the genotypes, 10 have germination above 60%, a high rate of germination speed and a low percentage of abnormal seedlings, and can be used in crosses to improve seed quality. The dissimilarity analysis was able to highlight the dissimilarity between the accessions of the Solo and Formosa groups. The use of the dissimilarity coefficient and the number of shared alleles made it possible to identify 18 possible crosses promising to improve the quality of papaya seeds.
2020-08-09
Chagas, Pollyana Cardoso, Chagas, Edvan Alves, Moura, Elias Ariel, Santos, Ricardo Carvalho dos, Oliveira, Railin Rodrigues, Nascimento, Vanessa Barbosa, Cruz, Beatriz Emanuela Pereira da, Nascimento, Fabiana Barbosa do
Chagas, Pollyana Cardoso ; Chagas, Edvan Alves ; Moura, Elias Ariel ; Santos, Ricardo Carvalho Dos ; Oliveira, Railin Rodrigues ; Nascimento, Vanessa Barbosa ; Cruz, Beatriz Emanuela Pereira Da ; Nascimento, Fabiana Barbosa Do ; Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between genotypes based on the physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics of araçá-boi in tropical conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Roraima, in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. Genotypes were obtained in the F1 generation, through open pollination. Twelve plants were evaluated, with 10 fruits being collected per plant. The physical and physicalchemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated: fresh mass, length and diameter of the fruits, pulp yield, firmness, mass of the pulp, peel and seeds, number of seeds, soluble solids, tritratable acidity, pH, ratio SS/AT and vitamin C from fruits. The araçá-boi genotypes showed medium to high genetic variability, obtaining averages for the physical and physicalchemical characteristics higher than those observed in the literature. G genotypes A9, A10 and A6 adopted fruits with larger sizes and produced a greater number of fruits genotypes A1 obtained fruits with higher organoleptic quality. Genotypes A3 produced fruits with higher levels of Vitamin C and fruits with greater firmness. Genotypes A3, A6, A9 and A10 were promising with high agronomic potential and could be selected for the genetic improvement program of the species.
2020-08-09
Garcia, Juan Sebastián Arias, Silva, Danielle Fabiola Pereira da, Salazar, Alejandro Hurtado, Uribe-Castrillón, Cristian Agustín, Tabares-Osorio, Cristian Camilo, Ceballos-Aguirre, Nelson
Garcia, Juan Sebastián Arias ; Silva, Danielle Fabiola Pereira Da ; Salazar, Alejandro Hurtado ; Uribe-Castrillón, Cristian Agustín ; Tabares-Osorio, Cristian Camilo ; Ceballos-Aguirre, Nelson ; Abstract: The production of Hass avocados in Colombia has been increasingly threatened by the high and persistent rainfall observed in recent years, which has led to restrictions in root growth, yield reductions, and, in some cases, tree mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between root growth in Hass avocado trees and the influence of certain soil physical variables in the Colombian Andean tropic. The evaluations were conducted in two commercial 5-year-old Hass avocado plantations, with trees grafted onto rootstocks derived from native seeds. Root growth was assessed through monthly root extractions in each orchard. Additionally, infiltration tests were performed in the drip zones of the trees and along the cultivation paths in each area. Furthermore, laboratory analysis of sand grading was conducted to determine the particle size distribution. Statistical differences in root growth were observed between the two orchards. However, no significant differences were found in drip zone and path infiltration rates or between the overall infiltration rates of the orchards. Root growth was restricted in soils with lower infiltration rates and higher proportion of fine sands.