2026-03-10
Adzka Fahma Rodliya, Aqila Nurhasanah Harahap, Resa Paksi Mandariska
Background Jakarta is one of the most polluted cities in Southeast Asia, with particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels frequently exceeding international standards. Exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy has been linked to adverse fetal outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW). Objective To analyze an association between PM2.5 concentration and the incidence of LBW in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from community health centers ( Puskesmas ) located within a 5-km radius of Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS) in five regions of Jakarta: Bundaran Hotel Indonesia (HI), Kelapa Gading, Jagakarsa, Lubang Buaya, and Kebon Jeruk. Results A total of 648 LBW cases and 11,498 normal birth weight (NBW) cases recorded in 2020–2021 were included through total sampling. PM2.5 concentration data were obtained from the Jakarta Environmental Agency. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Pearson’s correlation), and simple linear regression tests. A significant positive correlation was found between PM2.5 concentration and LBW incidence (r=0.885; P=0.049) in 2020, whereas the 2021 data showed no significant correlation (r=0.871; P=0.055). Regression analysis revealed that every one-µg/m³ increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 0.091% rise in LBW cases. Areas with higher pollution levels, particularly Lubang Buaya and Kebon Jeruk, showed the highest prevalence of LBW. Conclusion There was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5 air pollution and the incidence of LBW in Jakarta, particularly in areas with high levels of pollution, based on 2020 data. These findings underscore the importance of implementing public health interventions and enhancing air quality management to safeguard maternal and neonatal health.
2026-03-08
Novik Budiwardhana, Indah Kartika Murni, Radityo Prakoso, Pribadi Wiranda Busro, Fildza Intan Rizkia, Muhamad Faza Soelaeman, Yunita Widyastuti
Background Patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD) involving duct-dependence or inadequate pulmonary blood flow often require early palliative interventions to establish a reliable source of pulmonary circulation. Two common palliative procedures in congenital heart surgery are the modified Blalock-Taussig Thomas (mBTT) shunt and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting. In developing countries like Indonesia, reducing early mortality and morbidity associated with these procedures remains a significant challenge. A better understanding of which procedure is more suitable under specific clinical circumstances is required to improve outcomes. Objective To compare the immediate outcomes between PDA stenting vs . mBTT shunt in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease as duct-dependence or inadequate pulmonary blood flow requiring aortopulmonary connection. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted using hospital data collected between January 2020 and December 2023. During the study period, 228 patients underwent mBTT shunt and 94 underwent PDA stenting. After restricting the cohort to infants ≤12 months and excluding cases with incomplete data, 169 patients were eligible for analysis: 86 in the mBTT shunt group and 83 in the PDA stent group. Results The PDA stent group was significantly younger and had lower body weight than the mBTT shunt group (P<0.001). The mBTT shunt group had longer hospital stays (P=0.014) and higher rates of complications, including shunt obstruction (P=0.042), over-shunting (P=0.007), and arrhythmias (P=0.038). Mortality was higher in the PDA stent group (22.9% vs. 15.1%, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.274). Conclusion PDA stenting was associated with better immediate clinical outcomes compared to mBTT shunt, including shorter PICU and hospital stays, lower vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), reduced over-shunting, and fewer complications. Although mortality was higher in the PDA stent group, the difference was not statistically significant.
2026-03-08
Rahmayanti Rahmayanti, Nora Sovira, Anidar Anidar, Sulaiman Yusuf, Syafruddin Haris, Jufitriani Ismy
Background Tuberculous meningoencephalitis mortality rates remain high. The prognosis of tuberculous meningoencephalitis depends greatly on the timing of diagnosis, therapeutic response, clinical presentation, and resulting complications. Objective To identify the most significant risk factors associated with mortality in children diagnosed with tuberculous meningoencephalitis at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh. Methods This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients diagnosed with tuberculous meningoencephalitis who were hospitalized at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024. Data were collected from the medical records of 50 children who met the study criteria. Potential risk factors analyzed included decreased consciousness (GCS ≤12), hyponatremia, status epilepticus, hydrocephalus, and lack of BCG vaccination. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results Of the 50 subjects, 60% were male, 46% were aged between 12 and 59 months, and 40% had good nutritional status. The overall mortality rate was 44%. Among the patients, 74% had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score ≤12, 52% presented with hyponatremia, 62% had status epilepticus, 66% developed hydrocephalus, and 72% had not received BCG vaccination. Bivariate analysis showed significant positive associations between mortality and GCS ≤12 (P=0.036), hydrocephalus (P=0.017), and lack of BCG vaccination (P=0.020). Multivariate analysis revealed that decreased consciousness (GCS ≤12) was the strongest predictor of mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 11.269 (95%CI 1.724–73.639; P=0.011). Conclusion Decreased consciousness, hydrocephalus, and lack of BCG vaccination are significantly associated with mortality in children with tuberculous meningoencephalitis. A GCS score of ≤12 is the most influential risk factor.
2026-02-26
Muzal Kadim, Wira Febrisandi Irsan, Tjhin Wiguna, Dina Muktiarti, Sulaiman Yusuf, Ade Rachmat Yudianto, Yusri Dianne Jurnalis, Yudith Setiati Ermaya, Wahyu Damayanti, Andy Darma, Christy Venada
Background Infantile colic, defined according to the Rome IV criteria as excessive crying in otherwise healthy infants without signs of illness or failure to thrive, could be linked to inadequate mother–infant bonding. The risk of infantile colic is increased in mothers with depression and insufficient family support. Infantile colic could lead to recurrent emergency department admissions, unnecessary treatments, and child abuse. Mothers in medical residency programs who often face long working hours, reduced bonding time with their infants, burnout, and depression, may be at an increased risk of having infants with colic. However, data on the prevalence and associated factors of infantile colic in infants of mothers in this specific population are lacking. Objective To determine the prevalence of infantile colic and its associated factors among infants of mothers participating in medical residency programs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 67 infants of mothers in medical residency programs across seven centers in Java and Sumatra. We used the Indonesian-translated Parent Report Questionnaire for Children Aged 0-3 Years from the Rome Foundation to obtain information on infantile colic based on Rome IV criteria and the Indonesian version of the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale Questionnaire to assess the risk level of mother-infant bonding problems. An online questionnaire was distributed to subjects’ mothers via WhatsApp© application. Results Of 67 subjects, 18 (26.8%) experienced infantile colic. High risk of mother–infant bonding problems, as indicated by elevated Mother-Infant Bonding Scale-Indonesian version (MIBS-I) scores, were significantly associated with infantile colic (OR 2.922; 95%CI 1.07 to 4.87; P=0.046). The type of nutrition, whether breast milk or a combination of formula and breast milk, did not significantly differ between infants with and without colic (OR 1.333; 95%CI 0.451 to 3.940; P=0.602). Conclusion Elevated MIBS-I scores, reflecting impaired mother–infant bonding, are ssociated with an increased risk of infantile colic in infants born to mothers in medical residency training programs.