2020-08-09
Perosa, Fernanda F., Wiggers, Frederico H.R.S.S., Menegatt, Jean C.O., Piva, Manoela M., Zimermann, Francielli C., Ramos, Adriano T., Piccoli, Ronaldo J., Gomes, Teane M.A., Driemeier, David, Mendes, Ricardo E.
Perosa, Fernanda F. ; Wiggers, Frederico H.r.s.s. ; Menegatt, Jean C.o. ; Piva, Manoela M. ; Zimermann, Francielli C. ; Ramos, Adriano T. ; Piccoli, Ronaldo J. ; Gomes, Teane M.a. ; Driemeier, David ; Mendes, Ricardo E. ; ABSTRACT: Araucaria angustifolia (“pine tree”) is an evergreen tree from the South region of Brazil. Its sharp, leathery leaves (3-5 cm long) penetrate the nostrils and, once inhaled, are difficult to expel. Reports of A. angustifolia branch aspiration in cattle are scarce. Therefore, this study reports eight cases of this condition in cattle from Santa Catarina state, Brazil, describing its clinical signs, disease progression and presentation, and macroscopic and microscopic findings. Affected cattle ranged in age (4-month to 10-year-old), including dairy 50% (4/8), beef 25% (2/8), and mixed breeds 25% (2/8), from Concórdia (4/8; 50%), Curitibanos (3/8; 37.5%), and São Cristóvão do Sul (1/8; 12.5%) municipalities. Clinical presentations involved peracute (1/8; 12.5%), subacute (2/8; 25%), and chronic (5/8; 62.5%). The peracute form was seen in a 4-month-old calf found dead, with autopsy revealing a 40 cm branch obstructing the trachea and left bronchus. Subacute cases lasted four to seven days, presenting respiratory and systemic clinical signs, and cavitary pneumonia with pine branch fragments observed grossly. Histology revealed extensive areas of pulmonary necrosis with fibrin deposition, suppurative inflammation, bacterial myriads, and plant debris. Chronic cases, lasting two to six months, also exhibited respiratory signs, with post mortem findings mainly characterized by pulmonary abscesses with fragments of the plant, and bronchiectasis in one case. Bacterial cultures from two cases were identified: Trueperella pyogenes and Corynebacterium sp. Therefore, aspiration of A. angustifolia branches is a differential diagnosis in cattle with respiratory disease in the South region of Brazil, where this tree is endemic, underscoring the importance of the accurate clinical and post mortem diagnosis.
2020-08-09
Sales, Emmanuel T., Ferreira, Társsila Mara V., Girão-Carmona, Virgínia Cláudia C., Ferreira, Tiago C., Nunes-Pinheiro, Diana C.S.
Sales, Emmanuel T. ; Ferreira, Társsila Mara V. ; Girão-Carmona, Virgínia Cláudia C. ; Ferreira, Tiago C. ; Nunes-Pinheiro, Diana C.s. ; ABSTRACT: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies, presents a broad clinical spectrum with systemic and dermatological symptoms. This study hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) play crucial roles in the inflammatory and angiogenic responses driving CanL pathogenesis. An analysis was made of the expression of VEGF+, COX-2+, and TLR-2+ in the skin of 33 naturally infected dogs classified as asymptomatic (AG, n = 10) or symptomatic (SG, n = 23), along with five uninfected controls (CG). The symptomatic group was further divided into SG+ (n = 14) with skin lesions and SG- (n = 9) without lesions. Skin biopsies from the scapular region and ear tip were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses using monoclonal antibodies. Symptomatic dogs showed clinical signs such as alopecia, keratoconjunctivitis and dermatitis, with more intense inflammatory infiltrates than asymptomatic animals. VEGF+, COX-2+ and TLR-2+ expression levels were significantly higher in symptomatic dogs, particularly those with skin lesions (SG+), suggesting their role in immune response and disease progression. These findings indicate that VEGF+ and COX-2+, potentially through the TLR-2-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, contribute significantly to the inflammatory mechanisms underlying CanL.
2020-08-09
Pedroso, Natália H., Dionisio, Iasmim F., Santos, Nathalia Roberta D. dos, Silva Júnior, José Valter J., Batista, Chester P., Decaris, Nathália, Gomes, Viviani, Weiblen, Rudi, Flores, Eduardo F.
Pedroso, Natália H. ; Dionisio, Iasmim F. ; Santos, Nathalia Roberta D. Dos ; Silva Júnior, José Valter J. ; Batista, Chester P. ; Decaris, Nathália ; Gomes, Viviani ; Weiblen, Rudi ; Flores, Eduardo F. ; ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease is a multifactorial syndrome of complex etiology, involving interactions among bacterial and viral agents, and has a significant impact on the cattle industry worldwide. This study aimed to identify agents associated with respiratory infections in dairy herds in São Paulo (SP) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) states. Nasal swabs obtained from animals with and without nasal/respiratory signs in 10 herds in SP (n = 178) and nine herds in RS (n = 273) were submitted to nucleic acid extraction and to endpoint multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/PCR assays for bacterial and viral agents. The bacterial multiplex PCR covers four bacteria (Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella multocida); the viral multiplex encompasses seven viruses (bovine herpesvirus 1 - BoAHV-1; bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 - BVDV-1, BVDV-2; HoBi-like pestivirus - HoBiPeV; bovine respiratory syncytial virus - BRSV; bovine parainfluenza 3 virus - BPIV-3 and bovine coronavirus - BCoV). The overall frequency of positive samples was 23.7% (107/451) and the most frequently detected agents were H. somni (30.8%, 33/107) and M. bovis (21.5%, 23/107), followed by BCoV (19.6%, 21/107), BPIV-3 (13.1%, 14/107), M. haemolytica (11.2%, 12/107) and BRSV (9.3%, 10/107). Mixed infections were detected in 13.1% samples (14/107), especially involving bacteria of the Pasteurellaceae family, but also BCoV and BRSV. Considering herd prevalence, H. somni was detected in 57.9% herds (11/19), M. bovis in 52.6% (10/19), M. haemolytica in 42.1% (8/19), BPIV-3 in 36.8% (7/19), BCoV in 26.3% (5/19), BoAHV-1 and BRSV in 21% (4/19), P. multocida in 15.8% (3/19) and BVDV in 5.3% (1/19) herds. Overall, these results offer an overview of the main viral and bacterial agents associated with respiratory infection in dairy herds in the studied regions (SP and RS). In addition, the complex etiology of respiratory disease in cattle highlights the importance of employing multi-etiological diagnostic approaches for comprehensive and accurate investigation.
2020-08-09
Gonçalves, Saulo R.F., Sousa, Dyeime R., Lucena, Ricardo B., Ribeiro, Lorena G.R., Andrade, Rachel L.F.S., Viana, Daniel A., Vieira-Filho, Carlos H.C., Silva, Silvana M.M.S., Lima, Telma D., Oliveira, Andrea A.F., Souza, Francisco A.L.
Gonçalves, Saulo R.f. ; Sousa, Dyeime R. ; Lucena, Ricardo B. ; Ribeiro, Lorena G.r. ; Andrade, Rachel L.f.s. ; Viana, Daniel A. ; Vieira-Filho, Carlos H.c. ; Silva, Silvana M.m.s. ; Lima, Telma D. ; Oliveira, Andrea A.f. ; Souza, Francisco A.l. ; ABSTRACT: Lymphoma is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm that affects canines. Its classification is based on anatomical, histomorphological, cytomorphological, and immunophenotypic characteristics. This study surveyed cases of canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating in Northeastern Brazil from 2012 to 2022, considering epidemiological, histomorphological, and immunophenotypic aspects. One hundred sixteen samples with a prior diagnosis of canine lymphoma were selected, re-evaluated, and classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. The cases originated from eight states in northeastern Brazil. The average age of the animals was 8.38 years, with 54.31% males and 40.52% females, and a prevalence of mixed-breed animals. Regarding the evaluated conditions, 33.62% corresponded to lymph nodes, 31.03% to the skin, and 25.86% to the spleen. Histomorphological and immunophenotypic results presented 50.86% of B-cell lymphomas, highlighting 45.76% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 32.20% splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and 49.13% T-cell lymphoma. Histomorphological and immunophenotypic findings presented 50.86% of B-cell lymphomas, highlighting 45.76% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 32.20% splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and 49.13% T-cell lymphoma. The cutaneous non-epitheliotropic lymphoma represented 43.85%, and the epitheliotropic was 17.54%. The epidemiological profile of canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases in northeastern Brazil is similar to that observed in other regions of Brazil and worldwide. Based on these findings, the authors hypothesize that regional environmental conditions could play a role in the development and progression of this neoplasm. Therefore, continuous monitoring and further regional studies are essential to elucidate its biological behavior.
2020-08-09
Godinho, Danielle A.O., Lima, Pamella P.A.B.M., Paulino, Patrícia G., Silva, Nelson M., Pimenta, Ramon L., Machado, Leandro S., Santos, Huarrisson A.
Godinho, Danielle A.o. ; Lima, Pamella P.a.b.m. ; Paulino, Patrícia G. ; Silva, Nelson M. ; Pimenta, Ramon L. ; Machado, Leandro S. ; Santos, Huarrisson A. ; ABSTRACT: Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression in broilers by affecting the bursa of Fabricius. IBDV strains were classified into seven genogroups based on the amino acid composition of the hypervariable region of the VP2 capsid protein. This study aimed to detect and genotype IBDV strains in bursal samples from broilers in Rio de Janeiro and evaluate the genetic variability of the vp2 gene. Sixty-five bursal tissue samples from broilers suspected to have IBD were collected from four farms in Rio de Janeiro and stored in RNAlater. RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent, and genotyping was performed using RT-qPCR. The VP2 hypervariable region was amplified using conventional PCR, purified, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the maximum likelihood method with the Kimura 2-parameter substitution model. IBDV was detected in 75.38% (49/65) of the samples, with 8.16% (4/49) classified as very virulent (vvIBDV) and 91.84% (45/49) as non-vvIBDV strains. This study seems to be the first report of G-3 infection in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Sequence comparison identified multiple missense mutations, including 20 in genogroup 4 and eight in genogroup 3, relative to the reference strain Edgar-USA. The genetic distances among the isolates suggest potential viral evolution and adaptation. These findings highlight the genetic diversity of IBDV in this region and reinforce the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of the virus. The detection of vvIBDV in a previously unreported area underscores the need for monitoring strategies to mitigate the impact of emerging strains on poultry production. Further studies focusing on antigenic variation and vaccine efficacy are essential to ensure effective control of IBDV.
2020-08-09
Bertolini, Marianna, Gris, Anderson H., Piva, Manoela M., Zaghlout, Nabila C., Molossi, Franciéli A., Bandinelli, Marcele B., Pavarini, Saulo P., Sonne, Luciana, Driemeier, David
Bertolini, Marianna ; Gris, Anderson H. ; Piva, Manoela M. ; Zaghlout, Nabila C. ; Molossi, Franciéli A. ; Bandinelli, Marcele B. ; Pavarini, Saulo P. ; Sonne, Luciana ; Driemeier, David ; ABSTRACT: Brazil stands out as one of the leading pork exporters, driven by advances in pig farming and the adoption of strict sanitary standards. However, non-compliance with these regulations still significantly contributes to the occurrence of infectious and non-infectious diseases, which are among the main causes of pig mortality and carcass condemnation at slaughter. Identifying recurring issues in slaughterhouses can help develop better regulations and improve pig farming production. The present study identifies and describes the main diseases, injuries, and etiologies found in samples of slaughtered pigs submitted for analysis at the Veterinary Pathology Sector of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) over the 21 years studied. For this, 1,206 samples from Brazil were analyzed, obtained through a retrospective and prospective study, with greater representation from the South region. Among these samples, 1,100 received a conclusive diagnosis (91.2%). Of the diagnosed diseases, 77.5% were of infectious origin, with a focus on respiratory diseases, lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium sp., and infections associated with swine circovirus, which together accounted for nearly 80% of the cases. Non-infectious lesions accounted for 22.5% of diagnoses and were classified as neoplastic and non-neoplastic. In the non-neoplastic group, integumentary changes were the most frequent, with umbilical hernias being the main manifestation. On the other hand, in the neoplastic group, lymphoma was the most frequent, with 35.5% of the samples having more than one organ affected in the same animal. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the importance of continuous surveillance and adherence to sanitary guidelines to enhance swine farming further.
2020-08-09
Penha, Maria Ruth G., Pessoa, Williana B.O., Silva, Maria Eduarda S., Pereira, Paula R., Driemeier, David, Araújo, Jeann Leal de, Dantas, Antonio Flávio M., Frade, Maria Talita S.
Penha, Maria Ruth G. ; Pessoa, Williana B.o. ; Silva, Maria Eduarda S. ; Pereira, Paula R. ; Driemeier, David ; Araújo, Jeann Leal De ; Dantas, Antonio Flávio M. ; Frade, Maria Talita S. ; ABSTRACT: Inclusion body disease (IBD) is a global viral infectious disease that affects snakes, mainly from the Boidae and Pythonidae families. The appearance of secondary infections is common in cases of IBD. The aim of this study was to report a case of inclusion body disease (IBD) associated with secondary infection in the respiratory system by Salmonella spp. in a captive Boa constrictor in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. A male captive snake from a private captivity was sent for necropsy after presenting apathy and anorexia. It was sent for necropsy to the “Laboratório de Anatomia e Fisiologia Animal” at the “Universidade Federal do Cariri.” Macroscopically, there was a discrete focal brownish catarrhal content in the tracheal lumen. The lungs, especially the right one, were reddish, with multifocal to coalescing yellowish areas. On the cut surface, these areas extended to the lung parenchyma. They were soft, yellow and had a pasty texture. A brownish catarrhal exudate was also observed in the lung cavity. Microbiological examination of the tracheal swab and lungs resulted in the isolation of Salmonella spp. as well as Achromobacter denitrificans in the trachea. Fragments from all organs were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution and routinely processed to make histological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Microscopically, there was lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic tracheitis, with hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium associated with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. In the lungs, there was granulomatous pneumonia. The faveolar epithelium showed degeneration and necrosis associated with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. In the intestine, there was necrotic enteritis. In the liver there was random necrotic hepatitis. In the kidneys, there was degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelium and interstitial nephritis. Round to oval, intracellular eosinophilic to amphophilic inclusion bodies were also seen in the pancreas, liver, bile ducts, kidneys, and brain. Paraffin blocks of lung and intestine fragments were sent to the Veterinary Pathology Department at “Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul” for immunohistochemistry with anti-Salmonella antibody, with positive immunostaining. The findings of inclusion bodies were consistent with infection by a virus of the genus Reptarenavirus. This appears to be the first reported case of IBD in a Boa constrictor from a private zoo in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. In the present report, the disease was associated with secondary infection in the respiratory system by Salmonella sp. Additionally, this seems to be the first report of isolation of A. denitrificans from the microbiome of a respiratory sample in a snake in Brazil. Although Salmonella spp. infections are common in snakes, the isolation of A. denitrificans requires further studies on infection routes, pathogenicity and antimicrobial sensitivity.
2020-08-09
Tribucci, Juliana P., Inamassu, Letícia R., Mamprim, Maria Jaqueline, Sasahara, Tais Harumi C., Schimming, Bruno Cesar
Tribucci, Juliana P. ; Inamassu, Letícia R. ; Mamprim, Maria Jaqueline ; Sasahara, Tais Harumi C. ; Schimming, Bruno Cesar ; ABSTRACT: Fractures are a major problem in opossums found in urban environments, and knowledge of fracture location is of great importance for the success of veterinary care for this marsupial, aiming for successful healing. Due to the proximity of urban centers to forested areas, contact between humans and wildlife, especially marsupials, is increasingly intense. Therefore, wild animals, such as the white-eared opossum, are increasingly treated at veterinary centers. Thus, the objective of this study was to report the case series of fractures of this marsupial species treated and radiographed at the Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu Campus, from 2020 to 2024. This analysis showed that of the 93 animals registered during this period, 38 (40.8%) presented fractures, with 44.7% occurring during the spring. The study also shows that the main cause of the fractures was dog attacks, accounting for 15 cases (39.4%). Regarding anatomical location, out of a total of 88 fractures, the most affected bone group was the vertebral column with 15 fractures (17%), followed by the ribs and mandible, each with 14 fractures (16%). Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that during this retrospective study period, the number of fractures in white-eared opossums was higher in the spring due to dog attacks, which resulted in rib fractures. Given this data, further research into mitigation strategies to decrease the risk of fractures should be considered.